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131.
N. P. Smith 《Ocean Dynamics》2004,54(3-4):435-440
Current meter and temperature data were collected over a 402-day period from an outer shelf and a tidal channel study site in the Exuma Cays, Bahamas. The shelf width is less than 2 km, and floods and ebbs through a nearby tidal channel extend across the entire shelf and reduce coherence of wind forcing and along-shelf flow. The data are used in perturbation analyses to investigate the across-shelf turbulent transport of heat and momentum over seasonal time scales. Data show a net landward transport of both heat and momentum over the course of the study, but the perturbation products contain distinct seasonal cycles. In fall and winter months, across-shelf heat and momentum fluxes are landward, while during spring and summer months fluxes are seaward. Comparison of shelf-water temperature with the temperature of bank water leaving on the ebb suggests that seasonal cycles of across-shelf heat and momentum in shelf waters are influenced by the seasonal export of relatively warm and cool water from Great Bahama Bank.Responsible Editor: Iris Grabemann 相似文献
132.
Using a zonally averaged, one-hemispheric numerical model of the thermohaline circulation, the dependence of the overturning strength on the surface equator-to-pole density difference is investigated. It is found that the qualitative behavior of the thermohaline circulation depends crucially on the nature of the small-scale vertical mixing in the interior of the ocean. Two different representations of this process are considered: constant vertical diffusivity and the case where the rate of mixing energy supply is taken to be a fixed quantity, implying that the vertical diffusivity decreases with increasing stability of the water column. When the stability-dependent diffusivity parameterization is applied, a weaker density difference is associated with a stronger circulation, contrary to the results for a fixed diffusivity. A counterintuitive consequence of the stability-dependent mixing is that the poleward atmospheric freshwater flux, which acts to reduce the thermally imposed density contrast, strengthens the thermally dominated circulation and its attendant poleward heat transport. However, for a critical value of the freshwater forcing, the thermally dominated branch of steady states becomes unstable, and is succeeded by strongly time-dependent states that oscillate between phases of forward and partly reversed circulation. When a constant vertical diffusivity is employed, on the other hand, the thermally dominated circulation is replaced by a steady salinity-dominated state with reversed flow. Thus in this model, the features of the vertical mixing are essential for the steady-state response to freshwater forcing as well as for the character of flow that is attained when the thermally dominated circulation becomes unstable.Responsible Editor: Jin-Song von Storch 相似文献
133.
低空急流与阿勒泰暖区大--暴雪 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分析了冬季产生新疆低空急流的大型环流特征及低空急流与阿勒泰暖区大-暴雪的关系。结果表明,在中高纬度欧亚范围内呈现“双阻型”,中亚中纬度高空维持纬向强急流锋区的情况下,若有巴尔喀什湖以南的暖湿气流向北输送,则有利于造成阿勒泰暖区大-暴雪的新疆低空急流产生。高低空急流的位置及强度可作为降雪量和大-暴雪落区的短期预报指标。 相似文献
134.
基于强度折减概念的滑坡稳定性三维分析方法(Ⅱ):加固安全系数计算 总被引:13,自引:5,他引:13
结合乌江洪家渡1#塌滑体加固设计工程,探讨了滑动面已知的条件下滑坡稳定性的三维分析方法。首先,模拟了塌滑体在天然状态下处于极限平衡状态时的滑动方向,并使用其应力成果计算了塌滑体的三维安全系数;其次,建议了基于强度折减概念的三维加固安全系数计算方法:最后,提出了加固设计的进一步优化方案。计算结果表明,塌滑体的滑动方向与局部地形等高线近于垂直。主滑方向变化较大,自后缘的NE15°方向逐步过渡到中部的NS向,最终过渡到前缘的NE30°方向,以致很难作出能表征主滑方向的地质剖面。基于应力计算成果的安全系数计算公式不能充分考虑滑坡体的抗滑潜能,也不能充分反映滑坡体的滑动方向,安全系数偏大。基于强度折减概念的三维加固安全系数计算方法具有有限元等方法的优点,较好地克服了上述局限性,可以合理地评价加固后的滑坡稳定性。 相似文献
135.
136.
基于对第二松花江流域上游小山、松山、两江水电站中长期水文预报研究成果,论述了综合中长期水文预报的研究思路和定性预报、定量预报的分析研究方法。该研究通过2002年实践检验,具有较高的预报精度。 相似文献
137.
A Physical and Numerical Investigation on the Stability of Shallow Tunnels in Strain Softening Media 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Summary The behaviour up to failure of shallow underground openings is discussed on the basis of some laboratory, small-scale model tests and of finite element simulation. The experimental results are first illustrated. They were obtained from two-dimensional (plane strain) and three-dimensional tunnel models tested under standard gravity conditions. Then, the phenomenon of strain localisation that characterizes the medium surrounding the model tunnels is discussed, recalling two alternative approaches for its numerical interpretation. On this basis, a finite element procedure for strain softening analyses is outlined and applied to the simulation of the tests in both two- and three-dimensional conditions. The comparison between experimental and numerical results leads to some conclusions on the influence of strain localisation on the overall behaviour of shallow tunnels and on the stability of their headings. 相似文献
138.
对比云南富宁2001年“8·25”与2004年“5·15”两次大暴雨过程前后的雨量分布、灾情、大气环流背景,以及反映大气水汽、热力、动力条件的部分物理量场,分析它们在两次过程中的异同点,讨论各类条件对暴雨落区的指示性情况,并对“5·15”过程的雷达回波资料作简单的定量分析。 相似文献
139.
FENG Wenhao 《地球空间信息科学学报》2004,(3)
1 Methodsfororientatinginitialdirec tioninindustrialsurveyDifferentfromconventionalengineeringsurvey,thedistancebetweenthetwoangle measurementdevicesinindustrialsurveyisnomorethantenmeters.Theaccu racyforthemeasurementofobjectpointsisrequiredtobebetween± ( 0 .0 2~ 0 .0 5~ 0 .2 0 )mm ,sotheaccu racyfortheorientationoftheinitialdirectionoughttobehigh .Theexistingmethodsfororientatingtheinitialdirectionbetweenthetwoangle measurementdevicesincludemethodofusinginnertarget,collimatormethod,metho… 相似文献
140.